Investigating the Effects of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Essay

AimTo study the effects of changing the come forward plain on the drift of a chemical chemical chemical replyHypothesisThis possibleness is based on the Collision Theory, w here in order to fight down, the two particles winding must1. Collide with distributively other2. The bang must be ener enamouric enough to overcome the activation energy of the chemical reply3. The collision must bring the reactive parts of the molecule into contact the put way they must collide with appropriate geometry (the reactive parts)Considering that the surface commonwealth of a particle is a situationor that mainly affects the collision send of particles, it would be safe to assume that as the surface bea increases, the reaction appreciate increases.The chart should turn out to be something like this1. the reaction is the fastest at the start2. The reaction is slowing down here3. No more than product is formed centre of product eraVari adaptedsVariableFactorWhat is manipulatedDependent TimeThe date it takes for the reaction to issue depends on the surface area of the intensifys being practise, because it determines the rate in which the reaction solelyow occur.Independent masses of the fluff serene (H2, CO2)The amount of throttle compile for each experiment willing depend on theControlled1. bunch of Calcium Carbonate (both stain chips and pulverizationed form)2. good deal of magnesium (both ornamentation and powder)3. Volume of Hydrochloric harsh4. setup Used1. The masses of the bosoms employ will remain constantly fixed during the experiment2. 50 cm3 of HCl will be used for every trial 550 cm3 in total3. The setup used will remain the same throughout the whole experiment chemical ReactionsMg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H21. Magnesium train of thought2. Hydrogen Gas will be the gas sedate1. 3 Trials will take power1. smokestack of Magnesium ribbon in1. Trial 1 0.064 grams2. Trial 2 0.063 grams3. Trial 3 0.065 gramsCaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO21. M arble Chips2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected1. 2 Trials will take place1. Mass of Marble Chips in1. Trial 1 3.998 grams2. Trial 2 3.988 gramsNa2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO21. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered)2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected1. 2 Trials will take place1. Mass of Sodium Carbonate1. Trial 1 0.504 grams2. Trial 2 0.505 grams weapon1. Eye-Protection 1 pair of Safety Glasses2. 1 pair of scissor grip3. 1 Electronic Scale4. 1 Conical Flask (100cm3)5. 1 Single-holed rubber bung and delivery tube to fit conical flaskful6. 1 Measuring cylinder (100cm3)7. StopwatchChemicals1. 12cm of Magnesium Ribbon2. 550 cm3 of Hydrochloric Acid3. Marble Chips4. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered)Method1. Set up apparatus as shown2. Fill the conical flask with 50cm3 of HCl3. Insert the end of the spray into the hole on top of the stopper4. Add the magnesium ribbon5. Seal the flask with a rubber stopper as cursorily as you can, at the same time have someone else bribe to start the st op watch once the magnesium ribbon has been added to the hydrochloric biting6. As the reaction takes place, note down the time it takes for the gas collected to reach a multiple of 5 (i.e. 5mL, 10mL .50,55,60,65 etc)7. Keep measuring until the reaction has stopped, or you are unable to measure anymore8. Repeat each experiment 3 times, exactly to be sure the information collected is accurate9. At step 4, replace the underlined compound with the next compound after one experiment is completedData RecordedMagnesium Ribbon Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2Trial 1 (0.064 0.005 grams)Time (in seconds) 0.05 sVolume (in cm3) 2.5 cm3Conclusion unfortunately I was unable to create a interpret victimisation time as the independent variable, because the lab that I had utilized did not have the equipment available to accurately to record the entropy if time were to be the independent variable. Another factor that played into my decision was the fact that the smallest calibration of the glass syrin ge I used was 5 cm3. Since the sole(prenominal) visible measurements shown on the syringe were multiples of 5, it would only seem reasonable that I teddy around the variables, making time the dependent variable, and the volume collected the independent variable, since I couldnt exactly measure how much gas would be collected every 5 seconds otherwise the relationship the graph would depict would be completely incorrect.As you can see on the graphs, the slightly steep slopes show when the reaction is the quickest, as it should be in the beginning. The curve shows the reaction slowing down, but unfortunately the curve continues. This is because the reaction is still taking place. I was unable to record the rest of the data because the measuring tools that were available werent able to record to such a high degree. In some cases though, like in the powdered atomic number 11 carbonate experiment, the reaction began so quickly that I wasnt able to record the time in most cases, so I j ust stuck with those that I had managed to note down. In other cases, there were so galore(postnominal) distractions in the lab that it was difficult to remain focused. My classmates kept removing some if the items that I was using.The idea was to see how the rate of reaction changed when the surface area of a kernel was increased. Initially, my plan was to react magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder with 1 mole of Hydrochloric acid so I could compare and secernate how the surface area of the substance affected the rate of reaction. I had plan to keep everything about the two substances the same. Its fragment, mass, the amount of Hydrochloric acid I was passage to react with it the only thing assorted would be its surface area. Unfortunately the Lab didnt have any available. So I headstrong to do the same experiment to Calcium Carbonate, this time using marble chips and powdered atomic number 20 carbonate. To my diswhitethorn I found that the powdered calcium carbonate wasn t reacting at all. So I had to change it to sodium carbonate.There is skepticism about using different elements, seeing as they have different orders of reactivity. These factors, including the concentration of the acid used, could also affect the rate of reaction. However, the same acid concentration was used for all experiments, in all trials so we can dismiss that. However, sodium is much higher up the reactivity serial than calcium, which is higher up the reactivity series than magnesium. This is the puzzle with this experiment the elements positions in the reactivity series could have really modify the rate of reaction.However, the experiments still prove that when the surface area of a substance is increased, the rate of reaction increases as well. This happens because, when two substances react only the surface particles of the substances can come into direct contact with the reactant particles. Increasing a substances surface area, like turning big solid chunks of calcium carbonate into powder, leaves more solid particles available to react. The more particles available to react at one time, the faster the rate of the reaction.Like thisOnly atoms on the surface can reactIf you break the substance down, moreatoms are exposed and ready to react.EvaluationConsidering the lack of material available, I figure I was able to manage the experiment fairly enough to arise results. However, I am not pleased with the factors that may or may not have affected my results, and the circumstances in which I had to switch my variables around. Therefore I would like to state a few things I would like to alter, if ever I got the change to do this experiment again.1. Apparatus1. Next time, instead of using a stopwatch, I would like to use a digital device, like a laptop for example, that was somehow committed to the glass syringe, which was programmed to record the volume of the gas collected every 5 seconds. This time the graph would turn out the way it should be.2. Instead of using a measuring cylinder, I would replace it with a burette, as it takes more accurate measurements of liquids.1. Chemicals Used1. I would try and used the same element next time the only difference would be the surface area. For example, if I used magnesium, to study the effects of surface area on the rate of reaction, I would only you magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder. Studying different elements with different reactivitys would dismiss any data already collected because an elements position on the reactivity series may also determine the rate of reaction. Use the same element.1. Amount of People involved in the experiment1. If I had to do the experiment again, with the same apparatus, I specify I would like to have 3 people participating in the collection of data. 1 person would be watching the syringe rise and call out to record whenever it rose, the second person would time it, and the 3rd person would record it. This time, the data may be even more accurate, because no one is taking their inwardness off the experiment, like I was doing during my experiment just to record data.I feel that altering these aspects of the experiment would increase the level of accuracy, as to get more substantial data to calculate the order of reaction. Unfortunately with the data I have so far, I am unable to condescend the concentrations of the substances I had utilized in my experiment. However, as the objective was to investigate whether or not different surface areas affected the rate of the reaction, I think that I have produced enough data to support my theory.