Essay --

The pharmaceutical companies continue to be accused of many unethical practices so the story of pharmaCARE comes as no surprise. The confederation started with profound intentions but went down because of greed. It was a well-established company already famous for its integrity and high quality products. In the beginning, they were believed to enhance the quality of life around the world. The company continued to succeed due to its research and capitalized on a new breakthrough of a diabetes drug that they believed would help s abject down the terrible increase of the Alzheimers disease. So after a few years, they created a subsidiary called CompCARE to be the compounding pharmacy to make the new drug named AD23. Because of the supposed achievement of this drug, it was in such high demand that CompCARE became to engage in methods outside the scope of what a compounding pharmacy is allowed to do, their practices pushed the limits and the end result was over two hundred cardiac related deaths due to AD23. PharmaCare had several groups of people with risk in what they had intended to achieve. These stakeholders in this scenario include PharmaCARE and CompCARE, one of its subsidiaries both companies had high financial stakes in the success of AD23. There was also Wellco, a large drugstore chain, the employees of these 3 companies, the nation of Colberia and its citizens because their livelihood was tied to the success of AD23. Many of the social problems Colberia experient like the destruction of its environment and consequently endangering of its native species through the companys extensive activities and business practices came from PharmaCare. The company took advantage of the countrys low standard of living and its economic predicame... ...ng mean. When people are able to make that distinction, theyll take the time to question themselves, and then question others actions including their reasoning and in this case, information rather than blindly accepting their decisions until the true situation comes to light. The failure with pharmaCARE started long before people started dying. PharmaCARE began to fail as soon the company felt it was ok to pay just a dollar a day to the Colberian people who didnt know and felt they were being helped but instead were being exploit for their knowledge while their environment was being polluted. When CompCARE began to use unethical methods to get AD23 manufactured eventually leading to the deaths of more 200 people. It takes more than a financial statement We CARE about YOUR world to right the wrongs that all of this greed caused. Their actions must speak louder than words.

Do It Now ( Not Tommarow But T :: essays research papers

The Poem entitled &8220Do It Now (Not Tomorrow But Today) was written by Michael Barabash who was deemed as &8220The poet of optimism. The poem is about life and symbolizes how we choose to use the time of the future, in a positive way. The future time is a crucial part of life, which cigaret head for the hills to your advantage or disadvantage.Everyone is blessed with time, even though some have more advantages then others money wise and so on, we are all break in time and can use it to our advantage. As the quote says in the third stanza &8220success obeys the everlasting now implying that time is of the essence and however we choose to use it, can greatly affect how your life plays out.A second quote states &8220The Future waits- the while our past recedes, the past is nothing but memories and can&8217t be changed, while the future awaits for you to change it. However, you decide to change it reflects back on you and can determine whether you lead a successful life or not. Pro blems and boundaries lead make changing the future the way you want harder, but every one faces those and the future presents time for you to over come them and move on in most instances. How you use the future can be so important, as the author states &8220 Today is ours, to find a better way, to live to love to wear and to play.If you use the futures time to your advantage it can greatly help you &8220the now alone can furnish all our needs allowing you to accomplish whatever you want or set out to do in life. Allow you to attain things that will outweigh and help overcome the tribulation that might present itself in your future. well-nigh anyone who is successful in life has taken advantage of the future and used it to overcome things and get places.

International Elements of Saddam Hussein’s Conflicted Iraq: Shifting Allies, Resolute Foes :: Essays Papers

International Elements of Saddam Husseins Conflicted Iraq Shifting Allies, Resolute Foes The Iraqi terra firma has undergone significant pitch since Saddam Husseins rise to power in 1979. As with most nations, global international relations have played a moldable role in Iraqi decision-making, just as Husseins oft-presumptuous initiatives have affected other nations relationships with Iraq. It is widely acknowledged that Hussein has systematically break the human rights of many Iraqi citizens. In this sense, the current U.N. and U.S. military pressure on Iraq has a viable humanitarian platform in addition to economic motives. However, as war looms progressively nearer, it is advisable to evaluate the efficacy of comparable past efforts in order to make prudent decisions for the future. In the pursuit of a more acute comprehension of Iraqi international relations, this paper traces the political history of modern-day Iraq with an emphasis on foreign relations as influen ced by Saddam Husseins leadership. The modern Iraqi state had its beginnings as part of the massive Ottoman Empire. Iraq did not exist as a state under Ottoman rule rather, where modern Iraq is now, there were three vilayets, the districts of Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul. Due to the sprawling nature of the Ottoman Empire, coupled with a somewhat tenuous conquest, the vilayets had a remarkable amount of administrative and economic autonomy. The three areas actually had less in common with each other than with other regions well through the sum of the nineteenth century. Basra had strong relations with the Gulf and India, Baghdad was a critical link for Syria and Iran, and Mosul was closely tied to Anatolia and Aleppo (Farouk-Sluglett & Sluglett, 2). However, the second half of the nineteenth century maxim Istanbul taking a more passionate fill in exerting greater control over even its most inaccessible territories. Through an amalgam of bare-ass Ottoman laws and admi nistrative arrangements, known as the Tanzimat, common reforms and practices were established for all three Iraqi vilayets. The Tanzimat had the predictable effect of increasing cross-wilayet homogeneity. Simultaneously, European commercial interest in the region was rising rapidly. Most notably, Great Britains commercial activity in the area skyrocketed during this period. The economic trajectory of the region responded in a gradual shift from the pattern of a subsistence economy toward an export-oriented economy, a trend that was not to be short-lived.

Balboa, a Spanish conqueror and explorer :: History

Balboa, a Spanish conqueror and explorer.Vasco Nuez de Balboa, a Spanish conqueror and explorer, was the first to see the coast of the Pacific Ocean. He saw the ocean in family of 1513, from the top of a mountain of what is now Panama. On September 29, 1523, Balboa claimed it and all its shores for Spain. His findings opened Spanish explorations and conquests along the western coast of South America began. The Spanish called the ocean the South Sea because it lay south of the ring of Panama. In 1520 a Portuguese explorer named Ferdinand Magellan sailed through it and named it the Pacific, meaning peaceful, which until this day the name remains the same. Balboas early life was a normal one. He was born in Jerez de los Caballeros, Spain. His father, whom we know little about, did not have influence or wealth. When he was young, Vasco served in the household of a rich nobleman in Moguer, one of Spains main ports. After Christopher Columbus voyage in 1492, more sailors were taken to the New World, and many sailor stories could be heard throughout Spain about the new lands across the ocean. The opportunities attracted Balboa, who in 1501 joined a Spanish voyage to South America. They explored the north coast of what is now Colombia. There were not complete people to attempt a settlement. In 1502 they sailed to the Hispanola, the main Spanish base in America. Vasco had a very rough time making a funding on the island. For a time he even raised pigs there. Balboas rise to fame was one that happened little by little. In 1509, the first expedition to annex the mainland of South America left Hispanola. Balboa wanted to join this expedition, but he had fallen heavily into debt, and he was prevented from leaving Hispanola. On the mainland, the Spaniards established the settlement of San Sebastian along the eastern coast of Uraba. In 1510, Vasco stowed away on a ship that carried some supplies and new settlers to the colony. When they reached the mainland, they met some of the San Sebastian settlers who had abandoned the settlement because they lacked food and the Indians were very stern there. The two groups united and went back to San Sebastian. Balboa, who had more experience on the continent than the rest, suggested moving to the western side of the gulf.

Citizenship, Political Liberalism and the National Curriculum Essay

Citizenship, Political Liberalism and the National Curriculum I shall maintain in this taste that the civic reading proposed in the new National Curriculum subject called Citizenship is not in harmony with the educational aims and principles stated in The Education refine Act, 1988, in which the National Curriculum itself was established. I shall argue further that the present institutional arrangements for the whole of education atomic number 18 contrary to the spirit of the civic education outlined in Citizenship. To pursue the argument I shall draw on John Rawls insight that, in a modern democracy such as that in the UK, the idea of a democratic state with a single generally agreed moral or religious doctrine is no longish useful. In Political Liberalism he writes about this notion That conception of social unity is excluded by the fact of reasonable pluralism it is no longer a governmental possibility for those who accept the constraints of liberty and toleration of democra tic institutions. (p.201)He uses the notion of justice as fairness to indicate how the state may deal justly with its citizens in a pluralist society. He defines justice as fairness in cost of two principles of justice. The first is that all people must have the very(prenominal) political rights and liberties. The second principle is that of equality of opportunity. Rawls then restricts the sphere of influence of these principles to that of political, social and economic institutions. This position he calls political liberalism. He maintains that this political liberalism should be seen as a freestanding moral system applicable only to political, social and economic institutions. This is somewhat difficult to swallow if only in terms of exactly how this limit... ...ply to all pupils. Pupils do not receive the same civic education. Fourth, the institutions are not freely available in terms of fair disputation although both systems are state controlled. If, therefore, equality of opportunity is indeed One of a broad set of common values and purposes which underpin the school political platform and the work of the school as the Secretary of State claims, then I submit that both our current National Curriculum and our current institutional arrangements are not in line with this value, and that, therefore, the aims of Citizenship are unlikely to be realised. BibliographyRAWLS, J. (1996) Political Liberalism, Columbia University Press, New York, Chicago, ChichesterEducation Reform Act 1988 Secretary of States Preface and opening sectionsNational Curriculum Values 2002Citizenship, Programme of Study Key Stage 4

Citizenship, Political Liberalism and the National Curriculum Essay

Citizenship, political Liberalism and the field Curriculum I sh any maintain in this essay that the civic facts of life proposed in the new National Curriculum subject called Citizenship is not in harmony with the educational aims and principles stated in The Education Reform Act, 1988, in which the National Curriculum itself was established. I shall argue further that the present institutional arrangements for the whole of education atomic number 18 contrary to the spirit of the civic education outlined in Citizenship. To pursue the argument I shall draw on John Rawls insight that, in a modern democracy such as that in the UK, the fancy of a democratic state with a single generally agreed moral or religious doctrine is no longer useful. In Political Liberalism he writes about this notion That conception of social unity is excluded by the fact of reasonable pluralism it is no longer a political possibility for those who brook the constraints of liberty and toleration of democrat ic institutions. (p.201)He uses the notion of justice as fairness to indicate how the state may deal justly with its citizens in a pluralist society. He defines justice as fairness in terms of two principles of justice. The first is that all people must have the same political rights and liberties. The insurgent principle is that of equality of opportunity. Rawls then restricts the sphere of influence of these principles to that of political, social and economic institutions. This position he calls political liberalism. He maintains that this political liberalism should be seen as a freestanding moral system applicable only to political, social and economic institutions. This is somewhat difficult to swallow if only in terms of exactly how this limit... ...ply to all pupils. Pupils do not receive the same civic education. Fourth, the institutions are not freely available in terms of fair competition although both systems are state controlled. If, therefore, equality of opportunity is indeed One of a broad set of common values and purposes which underpin the rail curriculum and the work of the school as the Secretary of State claims, then I submit that both our current National Curriculum and our current institutional arrangements are not in line with this value, and that, therefore, the aims of Citizenship are unlikely to be realised. BibliographyRAWLS, J. (1996) Political Liberalism, Columbia University Press, New York, Chicago, ChichesterEducation Reform Act 1988 Secretary of States Preface and hypothesis sectionsNational Curriculum Values 2002Citizenship, Programme of Study Key Stage 4

Erikson’s Theory Essay

When discussing the development theory, Erikson had been the frontier with many major contributions. Unlike Freud and Piaget, Eriksons theory of development focused much more on social interactions. While most of us agreed that children do become toilet-trained between ages one and three, Eriksons theory too went further to experience that children also learn to talk, walk, feed themselves, etc.In order to commiserate Eriksons theory of development, we need to focus on three main principles combat-ready balance of opposites, vital involvement and life in time.Dynamic balance of oppositesThere atomic number 18 two opposing tendencies in dynamic balance of opposites dystonic (negative) and syntonic (positive). Erikson believed at that place were eight stages, and at each one, the individual resolved a crisis between the positive (syntonic) and negative (dystonic) tendencies (Erikson & Kivnick 1986). A resolution of crisis does not mean that a person rejects either syntonic or dy stonic completely, but rather that a person should find a balance between two of those tendencies.For instance, our Ameri fecal matter culture has frequently taught parents to neer say no to their children because that could potentially damage a childs self-esteem. However, Erikson would disagree and say that children do need to hear no sometimes to understand that the whole world does not revolve around them. Erikson would also say that telling the child no all of the time is bad as well. springy involvement depends on the balance of syntonic and dystonic tendencies.Vital InvolvementErikson developed eight stages of development. First, the trust versus mistrust stage, where infants start to learn that either the world is good and back tooth be trusted, or is bad and cant be trusted (Erikson et.al 1986). For instance, Erikson would state that babies learn to trust their caregivers for not letting them go hungry, but babies also learn to mistrust their caregivers for yelling at th em and not feeding them consistently. Second, the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage where children learn about their own selves which is separate from their caregivers (Erikson et.al 1986).In this stage, children usually develop their own will and desires and applythem well by saying no. When children start to feel comfortable using no as a way to reach their desires, they have reached the initiative versus guilty conscience stage. In this stage, children learn to internalize values from the elder and also acquire the sense of guilt for wrongdoing. The next stage is industry versus inferiority where children explore the greater world in elementary school and their surroundings. Erikson did pay a lot of attention in the identity versus confusion stage because it focuses on adolescents and their identity crisis.Fidelity is the heart of identity because adolescents share some of their parents values, as well as develop their own. The last three stages include intimacy versus isola tion, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair. Each of these stages focuses greatly on the continuity of human development until death. Erikson recognized that there are certain time periods when it might be easier for some to develop and harder for others to develop, depending on the environment that influence them.For instance, some children who faced hardships (family separation, family violence, etc.) might have trouble in certain stages or even all of the stages, depending on where the factors start. Life in timeErikson referred to his theory of development as epigenesis. Epigenesis is relevant to evolution (the past and the future) and genetics. Erikson explained, epi can mean above in space as well as before in time, and connected with genesis can well represent the space-time nature of all development (Erikson et.al 1986). Erikson did not refer epigenetic to individual genetic make-up and how it influences individual development. Rather, Erikson was con cerned with how personality and behavior is influenced after birth and so on. For instance, my mother has had a hard time adjusting with American culture when we first migrated here from Vietnam.My sister and I started to adapt to the new culture right asidefrom clothing style, hairstyle, hobbies, etc. in which my mother had a very difficult time to accept. She wanted us to keep our traditional customs at home, as well as outside our home. At first, we felt reluctant because we felt she did not understand the importance of fitting-in at school. However, as we started college, my sister and I started to empathise that our culture and traditions are unique and understand where my mother was comingfrom (Identity/ confusion stage).ConclusionErikson had dedicated his life by contributing to developmental psychology in major ways. Eriksons theory of development is still widely used and studied by many scholars.

Child Psychology Services (Part 1) Essay

Explain the importance of safeguarding baberen and youngish raceSafeguarding children and young people is a key for all professionals who work in all settings where they have contact with children, more so children who could be more vulnerable than others i.e. a child who struggles with a physical or mental disability. completely children need to feel safe and secure and are being taught or mentored by adults they can trust. It is of the upmost importance that the correct people, whether they are full period employees or volunteers are given CRB checks. All agencies involved with children (more so, vulnerable children and young people) moldiness take practical measures to make certain that the risk of harm to children/young peoples wellbeing is minimised. If there are concerns about a child/young persons welfare then all agencies must take appropriate action to deal with these concerns, i.e. operative to the agreed local policies and procedures for safeguarding children, keepin g records of all reports do about the child is essential as a source to safeguarding children.Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approachEssential to safeguarding and encouraging the welfare of a child or young person is having a childs centred approach. This could include seeing and keeping a child focused through difficulties they could be experiencing. Listening and ascertaining a childs wishes and feelings will be important for the child, especially if they have formed a strong bond with the professional they are opening up to. It will also be imperative to a child if that professional close to them understands their daily lives and what they might be experiencing, no matter how hard it could be for the adult to hear. Crucially the child or young person will lie with there are people out there to help and sustain them when they need advice or guidance. It is important for a child centred approach because every child is different and a unique individual. A childs wishes should ever so be taken into account. The national framework for Every Child Matters (Childrens Act 2004) was set up to support children or young people to find out the joining up of servicesto ensure that each individual achieves the five Every child Matters Outcomes which offer support to children to enable them to be Healthy. Stay safe. delight in and achieve. Make a positive contribution. Achieve economic well-being.Explain what is meant by partnership working in the context of safeguarding.When it comes to safeguarding, children are best protected when professionals know what is inevitable of them and how they work together. This means that everyone who works with children has a accountability for keeping them safe which involves identifying concerns, sharing info and taking prompt action. To carry this out effectively professionals need to work in partnership with each other. Unfortunately, the importance of doing this has come about from professionals failing to protect capital of Seychelles Climbie who died in 2000. Her death was preventable as doctors, police and social workers all came into contact with her and had concerns. However, the doctors who treated her discharged her to her abusers care and admitted they assumed the social services would investigate. The social workers were described as incompetent and Victorias social worker felt unsupported by her supervisor and described her colleagues as conflicted and chaotic. The police too failed to fully investigate Victorias home (for fear of catching scabies) although close family members and Victorias child-minder raised their concerns.Following this case lessons were learnt and recommendations put into place to try and prevent another tragedy where successful partnership working for safeguarding should have stepped in earlier to avoid this abuse. To provide adequate safeguarding measures it helps to have a complete picture of the child. Partnership working means each prof essional, (whether its the police, NHS, educations departments, NSPCC or social workers), if they have concerns to do with safeguarding, welfare child protection, they should work with the other agencies in contact with that child. Each of these professionals whitethorn have one snapshot and a concern thatmay, on its own, not necessary need intervention.By working in partnership and sharing information the bigger picture evolves and, if each profession has a different concern, together the dots can be joined and a clearer decision can be made on any intervention measures. To help co-ordinate partnership working professionals use the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) to assess a childs needs and use the outcomes to provide access to services to provide necessary support. CAF is a voluntary process which is used with informed consent so families do not have to engage and if they do they choose what information that they want to share. The CAF process is aimed to be used when a teacher , the child concerned or their fire raises concerns about that childs health, development, welfare, behaviour or progress in learning/wellbeing.The information gathered enables an assessment to be made of what help is required and how it will be delivered and by whom. A Team around the Child (TAC) is then created to implement the requirements. The professionals that make a TAC vary from child to child depending on their needs and within the TAC a lead professional will have the responsibility to coordinate the work.Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a child or young person has been abused or harmed.When a child has been abused or harmed the first line response will be at the point of the allegation or discovery. This could happen in any number of settings, for example at school, in a medical setting or by a child calling child line. All of the agencies or organisations will need to work together but have their own roles in helping the child. Social Services have statutory responsibilities to provide support to vulnerable children and families in need. This may be after a death or when families are finding day to day life difficult. Most social workers are employed by social services. Health Visitors have a responsibility for the health of babies and young children under the age of five. They provide support and guidance to theparents of young children and carry out assessments of the childs development. General Practitioners (GPs) work in the community, usually from health centres, and are the gateway to other health services. GPs are often the first people to identify possible abuse when a child attends the surgery. Probation Services support people convicted of some offences to be rehabilitated into the community. They have a key role in monitoring people convicted of offences against children and should ensure that those people do not pose a threat to any local children. Police are involved in t he criminal proceedings that may result from safeguarding issues. Schools and tuition Organisations are key to identifying and supporting children between the ages of 5 18 years when they are in need of help. All staff working with children and young people should be trained in safeguarding and protection. Child Psychology Services will often be needed to support children who have experienced harm or abuse.

Experience The Arts Essay

Art has a huge impact in making our lives endlessly rich. I cant imagine, only for a moment, a world without art in light of the fact that art have such an effect on design from our most loved features. Moreover, art invigorates distinctive parts of our brains to make us giggle or prompt us to uproar, with an entire range of feelings in the middle. Art also provides for us an approach to be inventive and convey what needs be. For some individuals, art is the solid reason they get up in the morning. You could say, art is something that makes us more mindful and balanced people. Then again, it is such an expansive piece of our regular lives that we might scarcely even stop to consider. Our office could be look as art, as well as our clothing. General all utilitarian configuration is art. Art normally includes correspondence. Ostensibly, specialists need individuals with whom they can channel their observations. At the point when Art and people associate, legion(predicate) conceivab le outcomes emerge. As an admirer of the specialty of dance it has dependably been something I delighted in think or enjoyed as an adolescent.In spite of the fact that dance was a sublime past time I never feel in adoration with it until I encountered another manifestation of workmanship called praise dancing. Praise Dance is a type of formal or profound dance, it is a manifestation of perish in which the attention is on love. Acclaim dance experts utilize their bodies to help express the expression and soul of God. Praise Dance is actually considered by numerous places of worship to be a satisfactory manifestation of Christian articulation, as well as being regularly utilized beforeassemblies to make energize and enthusiastic environments. In some cases praise dance can be a piece of a greater generation in which a whole story is told. Praise dance, rather than different manifestations of love move, is commonly performed to a much quicker and energetic music rhythm. The dancers express the music by undulation their arms over their heads, applauding uncontrollably, influencing their bodies, and moving their heads to the music.It can also be an interpretation of delight that uses the human body to extend, which are express with both their bodies and their confronts, illuminating their convocation of people with the delight they feel inside their souls. When praise dance is my presence my body would shivers while tears role down my eyes, on the grounds that they were strike the dance floor with such power, and the message they were yielding was compelling. Besides, the entertainers were serving and worshiping through move and welcoming the crowd to give love to the lord.Praise dance decidedly have to be the most excellent critical experience of art I have ever felt on the grounds that it brought me into an alternate measurement, sensation where I had an otherworldly involvement with a higher force. Therefore, I will always cherish those moments, since i t was truly the most true, genuine, and most alive experience I have had in my life. Praise dance is in fact extraordinary, enthusiasm and daring, for one self to express an unforgiving approach to acquire art it really bring out art in undiscovered spots. I am truly convinced and idealistic that praise dance will attract individuals in a great big form of art, which would inspires, encourages and uplifts humanity all around the world.ReferenceSporre, D. J. (2013). Reality Through the Arts (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. www.thepraisedancelife.com

Organization Knowledge Essay

Managing information in todays growing world is a tedious chore. With unreasonable amount of data coming into systems daily, it has become imperative for knowledge organizers to follow certain guidelines if they are to ensure quick and easy retrievals later on. The purpose of this root word is to explore the different techniques using which knowledge in a public library can be organized. For this purpose, I m assuming that I substantiate been employed by a public library and have been designated the task of organizing their knowledge.Organization of knowledge in a public library is a to a greater extent(prenominal) delicate task than scheme of knowledge at any some other school or college library. Fact is that there are a greater payoff of users in a public library with all sorts of personalities. (ALA/PLA) Students, teachers, retirees, civilians, knowledge-seekers, tourists, etc are some of the different categories of users of a public library.Since all of these categories h old different perceptions as to the disposal of knowledge and would expect a different kind of classification, it is important to use standardized organization techniques to address a maximum number of users in an kindly way. Classification of knowledge is a very ambiguous job. There are no pre-defined rules or any set criteria that govern the classification of knowledge. It is to the discretion of the bibliothec or the manager operating in the situation to decide by them the way of organizing their knowledge.Given the task of organizing knowledge at the public library I would begin by classifying and sorting out the different masss according to the subject material they deal with. For example, loudnesss on art, literature, politics, religion, music and science can all be identified into separate groups and thus can easily be sorted. This would be the preliminary and perhaps one of the most critical spirits in the spotless process. Having effectively carried out a thorough cla ssification during the first process would mean simplification and reduced errors in the oncoming steps. Organization of Knowledge) The following(a) step is to assign labels or bar tags to these bags in an intelligent manner.Books in a library need a unique identification number that comes in hired hand at the quantify of borrowing and return. These identification numbers would be distributed on the basis of their category with no discretion within each category. Since new word of honors would be coming into the library every now and then, the identification numbers cannot follow a rule. This is because every cadence new book comes in, it would require other books labels to be re-assigned.This would not only be an impossible task, it would also negate the integrity of the data contained in the library. Therefore, it is far more important to ensure that these books are stipulation intelligent tags identifying their category and a corresponding number so that the identification number is a composite field made up of characters and numbers. After boffo grouping or rather preliminary classification of the books in the library, I would no focus on ordering the books within each subset using the first principleical order. Alphabetical order is a very tricky pattern to follow.There is no way a strict alphabetical order can be followed. Instead the list of the book and the authors name are both used for alphabetical ordering. For example, a book written by P. Gerrard name On the Economics of War can be classified nether the P category or the O category. However, it depends on the librarian as to what is considered more important for him. I, being employed in a public library, would list this book under the P section due to the incident that the title of the book starts with an insignificant word, in terms of a title.The word on has no significant literary value when expressing a book title. Thus, listing this book under the P category would make feeling ea sier when it comes for searching. Similarly, placing the book titled In the Eye of the Mist by Pete K. Moss under the I category would have no intelligence associated with it. Intelligent categorization calls upon this book to be placed under the P category owing to the first name of the author starting with this alphabet making it easier to trace this book around the library.The discretion with which similar groupings will be done depends to a great extent upon the title of the book. Unless the title of the book opens with a relatively rare word or with a noun, the categorization will be done using the name of the author. Although, this may look to b a relatively easy task to perform, it should be noted that often there are several authors of a book or either their name does not start with a single initial. Such cases are often perplexing and it creates the problem of a uniformed strategy to follow.Ensuring uniformity in the organization of knowledge means that there would be fewer chances of not finding a book in the place it was thought to be in. (Organization of Knowledge)It also makes life easy for regular users of a library. Since public libraries serve the general public, there re several reads bound to be using the library on a routine basis. Such users get accustomed to the organization technique used within a library and after a considerable amount of time spent using the library, they themselves become equipped with the knowledge of finding a book easily.Often it has been seen that such people are there helping other naive users around the library when the librarian is not around or perhaps busy with another user. Moving on, since all of the books would by now be organized in their various(prenominal) categories, it would be no longer confusing as to where a particular book should be placed. (What is Knowledge Organization? ) The next step would be to ensure that these books are all fed into a centralized system along with their shelf numbers. Inpu tting the identification numbers would be a time-consuming task.Normally libraries have added information about books contained in a database. Inputting such information along with the identification number would mean several eld hard work. Thus, the general recommendation is to scan the identification numbers on the book along with their location tag. The location tag is like the identification number. It informs the contributor as to which shelf this book will probably be placed on. Logically numbering the shelves and then placing the correct shelf tag on the book according to its position would eliminate a great deal of manual input.Scanned data will contain the label of the book and the location. Librarians in their free time can then update their database with additional information about these books. Thus, the final step would be to correctly place these books in the shelves that have been labeled onto them. incorrect placement of these books will result in wasted activity during the organization of knowledge steps. Thus, it is imperative to ensure that these books are placed back in their respective shelves even after they are returned by an issuer.In conclusion, I would like to assert the fact that knowledge organization is a hefty, yet significant task when it comes to using a library. The books in a library are pretty much arranged in a very logical and orderly manner. It is this fact which makes a library usable and books accessible. Online entries of the locations of books into computers also assist librarians only because they know that the proper place of that book is the one pointed out by the computer. Librarians face a tough task ahead of them when they join public libraries and attempt to organize the knowledge there.

Conflict in the Niger Delta Essay

The conflict happening in the Niger Delta stated in 1990. The tensions involve impertinent oil corporation and members of some Niger Deltas minority ethnical groups, particularly the Ogoni and the Ijaw. The instability continued from the 1990s until recently even though there are major changes in the politics structure. The area surrounding the Delta is straight off heavily militarized by the Nigerian army and police forces, and numerous fortify groups belonging to the ethnic groups (Barrett). According to the Center for International Development and infringe Management (Minorities at Risk.A Country cuticle Study) furiousness and high crime rate is a common scenario in the Delta because of the stiff fight for oil. Government atrocities with civilian as victims are also recorded in the area. One of the most conflicted areas in the Delta is Oganiland. Located in the southeast of the Niger Delta, Oganiland is a percentage comprising 404-squale-mile of the area. Shell and Chevro n set up their exploration and drilling facilities in the area upon the discovery of oil deposits in 1957.The rich oil deposit in Oganiland is considered as Nigerias first petroleum deposit for commercial purposes. During the exploration of the two largest foreign oil companies, government authorities and agents strained residents of the area to leave. This government-initiated forced evacuation on the area affected almost half a million ethnic minorities belonging to the group Ogonis and opposite ethnic groups (Agbu). They also licence that the government and the foreign oil companies did not conduct any consultation with them and offer any damages.Despite the strong opposition from the affected minorities, the federal government supported the atrocities by amending the Constitution that the government has the full ownership on all lands within Nigeria and compensation will be based on the crops and products located in the land during the taking and not the actual value of the l and. These further allow the taking of foreign oil corporations on almost all of the lands in Oganiland with the help of the government (Minorities at Risk. A Country Case Study. ). In the 1980s, the situation of Oganiland and the Oganis deteriorated economically, socially, politically and environmentally.Dissatisfaction and discontent among the people in Oganiland steadily mounts that in 1992 they form the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP). It became the main aim-up campaigning for various issues of the Oganis, primarily ethnic and environmental rights. MOSOP became the main opposition of the Nigerian government and foreign oil companies in Oganiland (Agbu). The conflict betwixt MOSOP and oil companies escalated that it resulted to violence disrupting some of the oil companies major activities in the area.MOSOP required $10 billion as royalties since the companies started and for the adulteration of the environment in Oganiland (Olusakin). However, according to Agbu (2004) the oil companies, Shell, Chevron and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, with the help of government authorities answered the MOSOPs demand through violence also. Mass actions and protests started to occur in a daily basis in Oganiland that resulted the banning of public assembly by the government. It also pronounced as acts of deception any disturbances of oil production and related activities in the area.Militarization and repression rose in 1994 where in four village chiefs were murdered. The head of MOSOP, Ken Saro-Wira was detained because of the killings. Hundreds were also indiscriminately arrested and detained because of the killings. By June of the same year, there were almost 30 villages totally ruined, almost 2,000 deaths and leaving nearly 100,000 Oganis as internal refugees (Human Rights Watch). In 1994 Saro-Wira with other eight Ogani militant were arrested and sentenced to death. They are executed though hanging by the Nigerian government.T he deaths of Saro-Wira and his companions enraged the people of Oganiland that resulted to more disruptive and violent actions against the oil companies. The militancy of the Oganis inspired other ethic groups to start their own struggle against the government and the foreign oil companies (Olusakin). The Ijaws organized the Ijaw National Congress and Ijaw youth organized the Ijaw Youth Congress. These two groups throw out the political consciousness and militancy of the Ijaw people. They started to lay down their demands against the irresponsive cardinal Nigerian government and to the foreign oil companies.They are asserting that these companies should have direct and cover plans to uplift the lives of the people in the Niger Delta (Obi). Recently, armed and more militant groups like Niger Delta Peoples Vanguard (NDPV), Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), Niger Delta Peoples Volunteer Force (NDPVF) and the Nigerian Delta Vigilante (NDV) were organized. Altho ugh these groups were formed because of the continuous environmental degradation, government neglect and social and political unrest in the area, they are now in conflict on varying ideologies and forms of actions (Obi).Most of them aim to gain control of the areas rich oil resources. NDPVF and NDV are in conflict with each other. Violence between the groups rose resulting to disruptive activities in Port Harcourt, the Deltas oil capital. Supporters of NDPVF transferred to NDV escalating more the conflict between the two groups (Agbu). After the local and national elections of 2003, NDPVF announced their complete war against the government (Olusakin). However, MEND is closely affiliated with NDV. They reached their international reputation when they hijacked oil tankers crossing through the country and nearby countries.They arbitrarily detained workers in the tankers for months and demanding for ransom money for their release. Last year, they attacked various oil installations and facilities of oil company Shell that resulted to oil price increase. They also attacked a facility of Chevron, forcing the company to halt operations in the region for that year (Obi). In 2005, the central government called the National Political reform Conference. Representatives of the Niger Delta raised various concerns on the development of the region.Numerous non-government and human rights organization have also called the attention of the central government to introduce reform in the region. There are proposals to divide the region into two, Eastern Niger Delta and Western Niger Delta, to make developmental projects easier to utensil (Taylor). The ventral government should also convert new states in the region with at least one city in any state. Taylor (2007) said that federal offices and ministries should also set-up their branches in the region to make government services more accessible to ethnic minorities in the region.The government is also urged to decree legislati ons compelling oil companies to implement developmental projects in their host communities and strictly follow environmental laws. International civil society groups have also suggested that the central government implement policies to have more transparency in the revenues and fiscal matters on the oil industries. The Washington-based Human Rights Watch (2002) also strongly recommends that state hostage forces should be investigated and persecuted on their abuses on the civilians in the region (p. 5).The conflict in the region is already decade-old and seems will never end. The Nigerian government should seriously implement reforms and developmental projects in the region to alleviate poverty among its people. The more delay on these developments needed, the more people will be agitated to join the armed resistance fueled by inequality among the oil company and the ethnic minorities of the Niger Delta. Works Cited Agbu, Osita. (2004). Ethnic Militias and the Threat to Democracy in Post-Transition Nigeria. Uppsala Nordic African Institue. Barrett, Ejiroghene.why the Troubles in the Niger Delta. New African 456 (2006) 40-45 Minorities at Risk. A Country Case Study. 2 April 2009. Center fro International Development and Conflict Management. . Olusakin, Ayoka Mopelala. Peace in the Niger Delta scotch Development and the Politics of Dependence on Oil. International Journal on World Peace 23 (2006) 3 Obi, Cyril (1997). Globalization and Local Resistance The Case of the Ogoni versus Shell. Ibadan University of Ibadan. Obi, Cyril (2001). The Changing Forms of Identity Politics in Nigeria under EconomicAdjustment The Case of the Oil Minorities Movement of the Niger Delta. Uppsala Nordic African Institute. Taylor, Darren. Niger Delta and Lack of Infrastructure major Issues in Nigeria Elections. Voice of America. 22 March 2007. 2 April 2009 The Niger Delta No Democratic Dividend. October 2002. Human Rights Watch. 2 April 2009. http//www. hrw. org/legacy/report s/2002/nigeria3/nigerdelta. pdf

Shame: Feeling and Random Chivalrous Deeds

Dick Gregory, the author uses mood and tone to develop the main character as a shameful psyche, which at long last teaches the reader that state have to find themselves over time and also how stylistic techniques create the fable and its plot. The narrator demonstrates this through fall out the short story, influenced by a girl named Helen Tucker. Her existence alone developed the narrator as the shameful person he is and taught him that he will never have a dada or live a life without relish dfferent.The author uses mood, which are the feelings created In the set atmosphere of the reading, to disgorge the reader in the narrators point of visual modality and feel sympathy for his thrive to fit In with everyone else at school. This Is what Influenced the development of Richards feeling of shame. Another example Is how Richard develops scorn for his life and school. He hated inquire everyone for necessities, such as rotten pears and even spoonfuls of sugar even though it is t he only way he can survive. The mood, including shame and hate, puts the reader in Richards place and makes him r her realize how terrible it would be to live like that.The author also uses tone, which is expressed through the authors attitude, to show how such a sweet churl is treated so badly for being different. For example, when all of the daddys came into school to donate money. Richard saved all of his money he earned shining shoes and with a very soft and sweet tone was trying to put the Impression on his classmates that his father gave him the fifteen dollars to put In. Yet, the teacher still treated him with hate and disrespect, making feel left out. Another example is the tone of have it away. Richard always talked to Helen with love In his voice, doing random chivalrous deeds for her and her family.Even after everything he did the love was not returned. This, overall, developed Richard to be a depressed little kid shedding tears in front of his love and classmates. Th is technique allows the reader to soak up the change in the narrator easily. Richard Gregory was a happy little kid filled with love who changed into a shameful kid filled with hate. In the story Shame by Dick Gregory, the author uses mood and tone to develop the main character as a shameful person, which ultimately eaches the reader that people have to find themselves over time, and what goes around does not always come back around.Richard learned that life does not go how you want It to and even the happiest person can turn out to be living In a life of shame. The trait was rubbed onto Richard through other characters attitudes and feelings. The reader can learn from this, and know to always keep their head up even when life isnt going their way. Shame Feeling and Random Chivalrous Deeds By kaigace life without feeling different. The author uses mood, which are the feelings created in the set atmosphere of is thrive to fit in with everyone else at school.This is what influenced t he development of Richards feeling of shame. Another example is how Richard develops treated so badly for being different. For example, when all of the daddys came into with a very soft and sweet tone was trying to put the impression on his classmates that his father gave him the fifteen dollars to put in. Yet, the teacher still treated him Richard always talked to Helen with love in his voice, doing random chivalrous deeds you want it to and even the happiest person can turn out to be living in a life of

Iga Nephropathy In Kuwait Health And Social Care Essay

Methods From all renal biopsies through between January 2000 and December 2004 in Mubarak Al Kabeer hospital, obiter dictums of IgA kidney diseases were selected and their medical records every bit good as biopsy findings were reviewed.Consequences Eighty patients ( 9.2 % of all ingrained kidney biopsies ) were diagnosed to h gaga IgA nephrosis. Sixty nine biopsies were included in the s piece of tail and eleven were excluded because of presence of any of the exclusion standards or losing clinical informations. 40 three ( 62.3 % ) instances were males, and 26 ( 37.7 ) instances were females. lambert instances ( 72.5 % ) were below the mount of 40 old ages. Average continuance of follow up was 3.61.3 old ages. The maiden intromission included nephrotic scope albuminuria ( 49.3 % ) , and nephritic footing ( 50.7 % ) . During the follow up period, 56 ( 81.2 % ) were still or modify. Hass categorization of biopsies showed 36.2 % had phase I, 27.5 % had form II, 13.0 % ha d category III, 5.8 % had category IV, and 17.4 % had category V IgAN. Females had milder signifiers of the disease than males. seeable haematuria and nephritic damage at intromission were seen to a greater extent than in patients with category IV and V. The presenting blood serum creatinine and uric dot were higher in those with Hass categories III to V. Deterioration of nephritic comprise during the follow up period was more of import in presence of high blood extort, nephritic damage and visibleal haematuria at clip of biopsy.Decision The relative relative incidence of IgAN in Kuwait is approximately 9.2 % . renal damage at presentation and macroscopic haematurias were seen in patients with more aggressive nephritic lesions and property to hapless result. primaeval words Proteinuria, IgA kidney disease, nephritic Biopsy, Hass categorizationIntroductionIgA kidney disease ( IgAN ) was first described in1968 by Berger and Hinglais. ( 1 ) It is presently recognized as t he most common primary glomerul wholenessphritis worldwide. ( 2 ) It presents with haematurias andfrequently proteinuria. Although a moderate point of albuminuria is common in patients with IgAN, nephrotic syndrome is considered uncommon in these patients. ( 3 ) The class of IgAN is variable, and 15 % -40 % of patients progress to end-stage nephritic disease over 10-20 old ages. ( 4 ) The pathogenesis of IgAN is complex and non wholly understood. Both environmental and familial factors book been set to be involved in the disease oncoming and patterned advance. ( 4,5 ) Humoral unsusceptibility is believed to work out an of import function, characterized by the prevailing mesangial IgA1 deposition and associated secondary inflammatory solution. ( 5 ) Curative attempts have been order at either cut downing or forestalling antigen entry, and changing the unnatural immune response and its effects. However, the appropriate therapy for IgAN remains unsure and healing therapy is still non available. ( 6,7 )The purpose of this survey was to reexamine instances ofIgAN in Mubarak Al kabeer Hospital- Kuwait between January 2000 and December 2004, and to analyze the spectrum of clinical presentation and histo pathological findingsMethodAll nephritic biopsies performed in Mubarak Al kabeer Hospital from January 2000 to December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Biopsies performed on grownup patients with IgAN were selected and reviewed. Patients were excluded from the survey if clinical or serologic grounds of Henoch Schonelin peliosis, collagen vascular diseases, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, or other kidney diseases were present. Kidney transplant instances were besides excluded from the survey. Clinical and research lab informations at presentation and during the follow up period andthe intervention presumptuousness were obtained by careful retrospective survey of the infirmary records of each patient.The histopathology glass slides were reviewed and the p athology studies were retrieved from the section of pathology computerized filing system. Each kidney biopsy was prepared by cutting paraffin blocks at 3 um subdivisions and staining 2 slides with peroidic acid schiff, 2 slides for Hematoxylin and Eosin, 1 slide for Jones Methenamine splinter and one slide for trichrome. Immunoperoxidase staining was besides performed routinely on all slides for IgG, IgA, IgM and C3. Antibodies were from Dako and titration was performed harmonizing to the cusps with the antibody phials.Electron microscopy ( EM ) was non routinely done on all instances in the establishment, nevertheless, on selected instances EM was performed and the movies were retrieved and reviewed along with the EM study.Statistical methodsISSN 1110-0834Numerical variables are show as Mean SD. The relation within and between the clinical and the histopathological variables were obtained utilizing ?2 trial or fisher cat s exact chance trial for categorical variables and nonpara metric Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis trials for uninterrupted variables. P & A lt 0.05 was considered as statistically important. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing SPSS for Windowss version 16 ( SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL )ConsequenceA entire figure of 1575 nephritic biopsies were performed in the institute during the 5 old ages study period. Eight hundred 70 one biopsies were performed on native kidneys, and 704 were performed on transplanted kidneys. Eighty patients ( stand foring 9.2 % of the native kidney biopsies, 5.1 % of the entire biopsies ) were instal to stockpile IgA nephropathy harmonizing to the biopsy consequences. Eleven patients were excluded from the survey because of losing informations or the presence of any of the exclusion standards. Sixty nine patients were enrolled in the survey. Forty three ( 62.3 % ) were males and 26 ( 37.7 % ) were females. The average age at presentation was 35.5210.13 old ages. Fifty patients ( 72.5 % ) were below age of 4 0 old ages and 19 ( 27.5 % ) were ? 40 old ages. Average continuance of follow up was 3.61.3 old ages. Cases were presented by either microscopic ( 82.6 % ) or macroscopic haematurias ( 17.4 % ) .Nephrotic scope albuminuria was seen in 34 ( 49.3 % ) instances bit non-nephrotic albuminuria was detected in 35 ( 50.7 % ) instances. High blood pressure was detected in 35 ( 50.7 % ) of instances and nephritic damage was detected in 35 ( 50.7 % ) of instances. Fifty Six ( 81.2 % ) were stable or improved during the follow up period. Serum IgA, C3, and C4 stages were all within the normal mention scope. Patient clinical and science lab informations were mentioned in tabular array I.Evaluation of nephritic biopsy slides was performed harmonizing to the Hass categorization of IgA nephropathy ( 8 ) showed 25 patients ( 36.2 % ) had Class I IgAN, 19 ( 27.5 % ) had category II IgAN, 9 ( 13.0 % ) had category III, 4 patient ( 5.8 % ) had category IV, and 12 patients ( 17.4 % ) had category V IgAN. ( table II ) ( fig 1, 2 )Seven ( 10.4 % ) patients were treated with methyl radical Pediapred pulsation for crescentic lesions, 41 patients ( 59.4 % ) treated with unwritten steroids, 10 ( 14.5 % ) veritable mycophenolate mofetile or Imuran, 18 patients ( 26.1 % ) received cyclosporine, and 58 patients ( 84.1 % ) treated with angiotonin change overing enzyme inhibitors or angiotonin receptor blockers. search oil was given as an accessory therapy in 46 ( 66.7 % ) instances.Females had milder histological signifier of the disease ( category I ) whereas males tended to hold more aggressive signifiers ( category IV and V ) ( P & A lt 0.05 ) . No relation was found between the Hass categorization and any of the age at presentation, high blood pressure, presence of hydrops or the degree of albuminuria ( P & A gt 0.05 ) . Macroscopic haematuria was seen more in category IV ( 75 % ) and category V ( 25 % ) than category I ( 8 % ) ( P & A lt 0.05 ) . renal damage at presentati on was seen more in patients with category IV ( 75 % ) and category V ( 91 % ) than category I ( 28 % ) ( P & A lt 0.001 ) . The demonstrate serum creatinine and uric acid were higher in those with Hass categories III to V than category I and II ( P & A lt 0.001, & A lt 0.05 severally ) . ( table III )Deterioration of nephritic interpret during the follow up period was more important in presence of high blood pressure, nephritic damage at clip of biopsy, and macroscopic haematuria ( P & A lt 0.05 ) whereas the showing degree of albuminuria, age, gender, and Hass categorization had a non important consequence on the impairment of kidney symbolises ( P & A gt 0.05 ) . The higher the showing serum creatinine the more the impairment of nephritic make up during the follow up period ( P & A lt 0.05 ) . ( table IV )Fig. 1 A instance of crescentic IgA kidney disease. Mesangialenlargement with a cellular crescent. PAS x 400Fig. 2 Immunoperoxidase staining shows a keenMesangi al form. IgA immunoperoxidase x 400Table I Clinical and laboratory informations of patients holding IgA nephropathy ( n=69 ) advance in old ages ( entailSD )35.5210.13Gender ( male ) N ( % )43 ( 62.3 )Smoking N ( % )17 ( 24.6 )Hypertension N ( % )35 ( 50.7 )Hematuria N ( % )MicroscopicMacroscopic57 ( 82.6 )12 ( 17.4 )Proteinuria N ( % )Nephrotic scopeNon- Nephrotic scope34 ( 49.3 )35 ( 50.7 )Serum creatinine groyne/l ( look uponSD )162.97148.1Creatinine clearance ml/min/1.73m2 ( average SD )48.237.1Nephritic damage N ( % )35 ( 50.7 )Serum albumin gm/l ( meanSD )31.33 7.08Serum Cholesterol mmol/l ( meanSD )5.651.9Serum Triglycerides mmol/l ( meanSD )1.961.1Serum IgA degree gm/l ( meanSD )2.691.0Serum C3 degree gm/l ( meanSD )1.04 0.15Serum C4 degree gm/l ( meanSD )0.940.12Edema N ( % )30 ( 43.5 ) discourse given N ( % )Methyl Pediapred pulsationAngiotensin change overing enzyme inhibitorsOral SteroidsAzathioprineCyclosporineFish oil7 ( 10.1 )58 ( 84.1 )41 ( 59.4 )10 ( 14.5 )18 ( 26.1 )46 ( 66.7 )Duration of follow up ( meanSD ) old ages3.61.3Prognosis N ( % )Stable / ImprovedDeterioration of nephritic maps56 ( 81.2 )13 ( 18.8 )Table II Histoathological spectrum of nephritic biopsy consequences harmonizing to Hasscategorization among IgA N patients ( n=69 )Hass ClassificationNumber ( % )Class I25 ( 36.2 )Class II19 ( 27.5 )Class III9 ( 13.0 )Class IV4 ( 5.8 )Class V12 ( 17.4 )Table Three Relation between clinical presentation and Hass categorization ( n=69 )Clinical andresearch lab informationsHass ClassificationTrial of significanceP valueClass IN ( % )Class IIN ( % )Class IIIN ( % )Class IVN ( % )Class VN ( % )GenderMaleFemale12 ( 48 )13 ( 52 )10 ( 52.6 )9 ( 47.4 )7 ( 77.8 )2 ( 22.2 )3 ( 75 )1 ( 25 )11 ( 91.7 )1 ( 8.3 )& A lt 0.05*Age at presentation& A lt 40 old ages& A gt 40 old ages20 ( 80 )5 ( 20 )9 ( 47.4 )10 ( 52.6 )8 ( 88.9 )1 ( 11.1 )3 ( 75 )1 ( 25 )10 ( 88.3 )2 ( 11.7 )& A gt 0.05High blood pressure11 ( 44 )9 ( 47 )4 ( 44.4 )3 ( 75 )8 ( 66 )& A gt 0.05Edema13 ( 52 )6 ( 31.6 )5 ( 55.6 )2 ( 50 )4 ( 33.3 )& A gt 0.05Nephrotic scope Proteinuria12 ( 48 )6 ( 31 )5 ( 55.6 )3 ( 75 )8 ( 66.7 )& A gt 0.05Macroscopic haematuria2 ( 8 )4 ( 21 )0 ( 0 % )3 ( 75 )3 ( 25 )& A lt 0.01*Nephritic damage7 ( 28 )8 ( 42.1 )6 ( 16.7 )3 ( 75 )11 ( 91.7 )& A lt 0.001*Showing serum Creatinine mol/l84.431.7171.3179.6203.2198.7288.584.5278.5140.1& A lt 0.001*Serum Uric acid mmol/l312.671.8381.4171.3428.220.3459.5188412143.9& A lt 0.01*Table Four Factors finding deterioration of the kidney map duringthe follow up Period ( n=69 )Clinical andresearch lab informationsDeterioration of kidney mapTrial of significanceP valueYesn ( % )Non ( % )Gendermalefemale11 ( 25.6 )2 ( 7.7 )32 ( 74.4 )24 ( 92.3 )& A gt 0.05Age& A lt 40 old ages& A gt 40 old ages11 ( 22 )2 ( 10.5 )39 ( 78 )17 ( 89.5 )& A gt 0.05High blood pressureYesNo10 ( 28.6 )3 ( 8.8 )25 ( 71.4 )31 ( 91.2 )& A lt 0.05*HematuriasMicroscopicMacroscopic8 ( 14 )5 ( 41.7 )49 ( 86 )7 ( 58.3 )& A lt 0.05*AlbuminuriasNon-Nephrotic scopeNephrotic scope5 ( 14.3 )8 ( 23.5 )30 ( 85.7 )26 ( 76.5 )& A gt 0.05Nephritic damage at presentationYesNo10 ( 28.6 )3 ( 8.8 )25 ( 71.4 )31 ( 91.2 )& A lt 0.05*EdemaYesNo6 ( 20 )7 ( 17.9 )24 ( 80 )32 ( 82 )& A gt 0.05DiscussionMany studies of glomerulonephritis associated with mesangial IgA sedimentations have been published since the original study of IgAN by Berger and Hinglais. The evident incidence of this upsethas varied in surveies from different states.In France, ( 9 ) Spain, ( 10 ) Japan, ( 11 ) and Italy ( 12 ) the incidence has ranged from 11.7 to 43.3 % of nephritic biopsies. Much lower incidences have been reported in the United provinces, ( 13 ) England, ( 14 ) and Canada ( 15 ) with the incidence runing from 2.0 to 8.5 % in these states. Berger ( 16 ) suggested that the higher reported incidence of this disease in certain states compared to others may reflect the pattern of everyday one-year uranalysis in the states withhigh incidence rates. To the best of our Knowledge this is the first survey from the Arab states showing the incidence of IgAN. We reported the incidence to be 9.2 % of native kidney biopsiesin Kuwait. Since the original description of IgAN,a figure of surveies have attempted to correlate initial clinical and pathological findings with the subsequent class of the disease. The present survey was in conformity with the old surveies in demoing that females had milder pathologicalterations whereas males were shown to holdmore aggressive signifiers. ( 17 ) There is a distinguishable geographical difference in the incidence of macroscopic haematuria in grownup patients. ( 18 ) In European states the reported incidenceexceeded 50 % , ( 19,20 ) whereas in Japan, theincidence scope was from 15 to 31 % ( 21,22 ) This difference in distribution can be attributed to difference in the disease nature that could be linked to familial factors. ( 19 ) The predictive significance of m acroscopic haematuria was controversial. In the present survey macroscopic haematuria was detected in 17.2 % of instances and found to be associated with aggressive histologic findings and correlatives with hapless forecast. This substantiate the consequences of the South West Pediatric Nephrology composition Group. ( 17 ) Furthermore, Bennet and Kinciad-Smith ( 23 ) reported that nephritic map became significantly worse in those with macroscopic haematurias, and emphasized the high incidence of crescent formation in these instances. However, Clarkson et Al. ( 24 ) demonstrated that nephritic map and lesions were significantly better in patients with macroscopic haematuriasthan those without it. In our survey nephritic damage at presentation was seen more in patients withcategory IV and category than category I. Correlation between more all-inclusive pathologic characteristics and terrible clinical manifestation were besides documented by Hass et Al. ( 25 )The presenting serum ur ic acid correlated withthe diseased findings with higher degrees inthose with Hass categories III to V than category I and II. This confirmed the consequences of Myllimaki et Al. ( 26 ) who proved a strong correlativity between serum uric acid degree and badness of nephritic harm on biopsy.The overall forecast of IgA N remains to be confirmed. In grownup surveies the incidence ofnephritic inadequacy varies from less than 10 % to 48 % in patients followed for more than 1 twelvemonth. ( 27 ) The present survey is in conformity with thisconsequence as nephritic inadequacy was seen in 18.8 % ofinstances. Bartosik et Al. ( 28 ) proved that the clinical parametric quantities, such as high blood pressure and badness of albuminuria appear to be stronger predictive indexs than histological findings. Furthermore,Van Der Peer et Al. ( 29 ) found that those withmore high blood pressure, more albuminurias, and more pronounced histologic findings deteriorate their nephritic map more during follo w up. Other survey showed that females and younger patients were found to hold a better forecast. ( 30 ) In the present work, impairment of nephritic map during the followup period was more important in presence of high blood pressure, nephritic damage, and macroscopic haematuria at clip of biopsy whereas, the showing degree of albuminuria, age, gender, and Hass categorization have a non important consequence on the impairment of kidney maps.In decision, the incidence of IgAN in Kuwaitis 9.2 % . A multicenter survey should be conductedto observe the exact incidence. About 18.8 % ofinstances deteriorate their nephritic maps during the survey period but a longer follow up is needed.

Company Profile of Sony Essay

Company composeSony is synonymous with consumer electronics. Its especially big in TVs and game sympathize withs like PlayStation3. Officially find outd Sony Kabushiki Kaisha, the order designs, develops, manufactures, and sells a host of electronic equipment, instruments, and devices for consumer, professional, and industrial grocerys. Professional produces include semiconductors and components. A top global media conglomerate, Sony boasts additional assets in the atomic number 18as of music (Sony Music pleasure), film (Sony Pictures Entertainment and Sony Digital Production), DVDs (Sony Pictures Home Entertainment), and TV (Sony Pictures Television). Sony also has several financial service businesses and an advertising agency in Japan.HistorySony found its beginning in the wake of earthly concern War II. In 1946, Masaru Ibuka started an electronics shop in a bomb-damaged department store building in Tokyo. The accompany had $530 in capital and a total of eight employees. The next year, he was joined by his colleague, Akio Morita, and they founded a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering lot). The company built Japans scratch line tape recorder, called the Type-G. In 1958 the company name was changed to Sony.In the early 1950s, Ibuka traveled in the United States and heard about tam-tam Labs invention of the transistor. He convinced Bell to license the transistor technology to his Japanese company, for use in communications. Ibukas company made the first commercially successful transistor radios.According to Schiffer, Sonys TR-63 radio bonkers open the U.S. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics. By the mid-1950s, American teens had begun buying portable transistor radios in huge numbers, helping to propel the fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units in 1955 to 5 million units by the reverse of 1968.Origin of nameWhen Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo was looking for a Romanized name to u se to market them, they strongly considered victimization their initials, TTK. The primary reason they did not is that the railway company Tokyo Kyuko was known as TKK. The company once in a while used the acronym Totsuko in Japan, but during his visit to the United States, Morita discovered that Americans had trouble pronouncing that name. Another early name that was tried out for a while was Tokyo Teletech until Akio Morita discovered that there was an American company already using Teletech as a brand name.The name Sony was chosen for the brand as a immingle of two words. One was the Latin word Sonus, which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other was Sonny, a familiar term used in 1950s America to call a boy. The first Sony-branded output, the TR-55 transistor radio, appeared in 1955 but the company name did not change to Sony until January 1958.At the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman letters to spell its name instead of wr iting it in kanji. The move was not without opposition TTKs principal bank at the time, Mitsui, had strong feelings about the name. They pushed for a name such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. Akio Morita was firm, however, as he did not want the company name tied to any particular industry. Eventually, both Ibuka and Mitsui Banks chairman gave their approval tranceTo fabricate exciting new digital entertainment experiences for consumers by bringing together cutting-edge products with in style(p) generation content and function.MissionAs a tutelage and goal, Sony is dedicated to providing innovative products and multimedia services that challenge the way consumers experience digital entertainment. As a digital entertainment service nominater Sony wants createnew worlds via their products to give consumers new experiences that can stimulate their senses. For their computer entertainment sector their mission and goal is to find the approximately talented develop ers to produce caliber products that continually raise the standards. The firm wants to create family products that change the way they experience home entertainment such as television, gaming, and paintings. To change the way families love home entertainment Sonys PlayStation 3 integrates all aspects of home entertainment. The gaming console is a versatile machine where consumers can play video games, watch movies through the Blu-ray player and stream movies and shows through Netflix. The PlayStation 3 has changed the way individuals enjoy digital entertainment.Boosting Sonys Electronics BusinessA key focus for Sony is to strengthen its all-important(prenominal) electronics business and maintain market leadership in high profile areas such as televisions, digital imaging, home video equipment and portable audio. To achieve this, Sony is pursuing three corporate initiativesThe Customer Viewpoint green light emphasizes the importance to staff of viewing Sony, its products and serv ices from a customer perspective.The Technology Nr. 1 foremost focuses on reinforcing Sonys cutting-edge technologies in the areas targeted for maximum investment of resources, including televisions, home video equipment, digital imaging equipment and Walkman.The Genba Initiative aims at strengthening frontline operations (genba in Japanese) such as design locations, manufacturing facilities and sales offices.Formats and technologiesSony has historically been renowned for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those ofother manufacturers and standards bodies. Sony (either alone or with partners) has introduced several of the most popular recording formats, including the floppy disk, Compact Disc, and Blu-ray Disc.Sony delivers thrilling digital entertainment experiences by capitalising on the synergism between its electronics business, content creation capabilities and movie, music, wandering(a) and computer games inte rests. As a world leader in high definition, Sony already offers an exciting range of broadcast and consumer HD products, as well as content assets that are driving the industry towards HD digitization.Sony is the only company that can deliver complete, end-to-end solutions for todays HD World. We provide the tools for our customers to create, edit, store, share and enjoy High Definition content. Sony Pictures and Sony Computer Entertainment create movies and games that maximise the full world power and potential of HD while independent film makers and programme producers are encouraged to documentaryize their unique creative vision in full Sony HD.Business unitsSony offers a number of products in a variety of product lines around the world. Sony has developed a music playing robot called Rolly, dog-shaped robots called AIBO and a humanoid robot called QRIO. As of 1 April 2012, Sony is organized into the following business segments Imaging Products & Solutions (IP&S), Game, Mobile Products & Communications (MP&C), Home Entertainment & enceinte (HE&S), Devices, Pictures, Music, Financial Services and All Other. The network and medical businesses are included in the All Other.Sony CorporationSony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group. It primarily conducts strategic business planning of the group, search and development (R&D), planning, designing and marketing for electronics products. Its subsidiaries such as Sony EMCS Corporation (6plants in Japan), Sony Semiconductor Corporation (7 plants in Japan) and its subsidiaries outside Japan (Brazil, China, England, India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Ireland and United States) are responsible for manufacturing as well as product engineering (Sony EMCS is also responsible for customer service operations). In 2012, Sony rolled most of its consumer content services (including video, music, and gaming) into the Sony Entertainment Network.Medical-related b usinessSony Mobile Communications AB (formerly Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB) is a multinational mobile phone manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation.In 2001, Sony entered into a joint venture with Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson, forming Sony Ericsson. Initial sales were rocky, and the company posted losses in 2001 and 2002. However, SMC reached a profit in 2003. Sony Ericsson distinguished itself with multimedia-capable mobile phones, which included features such as cameras. These were unusual for the time. patronage their innovations, SMC faced intense competition from Apples iPhone, released in 2007. From 2008 to 2010, amid a global recession, SMC slashed its men by several thousand. Sony acquired Ericssons share of the venture in 2012 for over US$1 billion. In 2009, SMC was the fourth-largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world ( subsequently Nokia, Samsung and LG). By 2010, its market share had fallen to sixth place. Sony Mobile Communications now focuses exclusively on the smartphone market.Sony Computer EntertainmentSony Computer Entertainment is ruff known for producing the popular line of PlayStation consoles. The line grew out of a failed partnership with Nintendo. Originally, Nintendo requested for Sony to develop an do-gooder for its console that would play Compact Discs. In 1991 Sony announced the add-on, as well as a dedicated console known as the Play Station. However, a disagreement over software licensing for the console caused thepartnership to fall through. Sony then continued the project independently.Sony Pictures EntertainmentSony Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (SPE) is the television and film production/ dispersal unit of Sony. With 12.5% box office market share in 2011, the company was ranked 3rd among movie studios. Its group sales in 2010 were US$7.2 billion. The company has produced many notable movie franchises, including Spider-Man, The Karate Kid, and Men in Black. It has also produced popular television game shows Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune. Sony entered the television and film production market when it acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment in 1989 for $3.4 billion. Columbia lives on in the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group, a subsidiary of SPE which in turn owns TriStar Pictures and Columbia Pictures. SPEs television division is known as Sony Pictures Television. For the first several years of its existence, Sony Pictures Entertainment performed poorly, leading many to suspect the company would sell off the division. Sony Pictures Entertainment encountered controversy in the early 2000s. In July 2000, a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation created a fictitious film critic, David Manning, who gave consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures that generally received poor reviews amongst real critics. Sony later pulled the ads, suspended Mannings creator and his super visor and paid fines to the state of Connecticut and to fans who saw the reviewed films in the US. In 2006 Sony started using ARccOS Protection on some of their film DVDs, but later issued a recall.environmental recordIn November 2011, Sony was ranked 9th (jointly with Panasonic) in Greenpeaces Guide to Greener Electronics. This chart grades major electronics companies on their environmental work. The company scored 3.6/10, incurring a penalty point for comments it has made in opposition to energy ability standards in California. It also risks a further penalty point in future editions for being a member of trade associations that have commented against energy efficiency standards.Together with Philips, Sony receives the highest score for energy policy advocacy after calling on theEU to adopt an unconditional 30% reduction target for babys room hit man emissions by 2020. Meanwhile, it receives full marks for the efficiency of its products. In 2007, Sony ranked 14th on the Greenpe ace guide.Sony fell from its earlier 11th place ranking due to Greenpeaces claims that Sony had double standards in their waste policies. Since 1976, Sony has had an Environmental Conference. Sonys policies address their effects on global warming, the environment, and resources. They are taking steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that they put out as well as regulating the products they get from their suppliers in a act that they call green procurement. Sony has said that they have signed on to have about 75 percent of their Sony Building running on geothermal power. The Sony Take Back Recycling Program abandon consumers to recycle the electronics products that they buy from Sony by taking them to eCycle (Recycling) drop-off points around the U.S. The company has also developed a biobattery that runs on sugars and carbohydrates that works similarly to the way living creatures work. This is the most powerful small biobattery to date.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Critique

I Know wherefore the Caged Bird Sings is the autobiography of Maya Angelou. I find it to be a rather interesting novel, since it is based on a true story. It also helps the reader watch how black people lived and felt during that period. In the novel, there is a wide range of themes, from family ties, to rape, and even literacy. In Maya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the three main themes be racism, prejudice and the gyre of black women. The first and most visible theme in the novel is racism. During 1969, it is common to see a black person as inferior to a blanched person.In the novel, Angelou shows the crudeness of white southerly attitudes toward African Americans. For example, in chapter 24, marguerite goes to the dentist and Dr. Lincoln, a white man, refuses to treat her because she is black. He says Id rather stick my hand in a dogs mouth than in a niggers. (Angelou 189). Not even because of necessary medical attention does a white person render aside the ra ce and treat a black patient. Putting aside her strong feelings against racism, Angelou demonstrates how she develops the understanding of the rules for last in a racist society.For example, in chapter 5, when the powhitetrash mock mummy, she stood humming while Marguerite is filed with rage, indignation and helplessness. ma instead shows her how to maintain haughtiness and pride while dealing with racism. With her indifference towards the disrespectful white girls, florists chrysanthemum serves as a role model to all black people in her community by being the bigger person in a situation like this. The second theme in the novel is prejudice. Maya, her friends and her relatives will al routes be subject to prejudice only if because they are black.For example, in chapter 23, during Marguerites graduation, Mr.Edward Donleavy conk outs a speech in which he mentions how blacks only achieve greatness through sports, non through academics One of the first-line football tacklers at Arkansas Agricultural and Mechanical College had graduated from good of age(predicate) Lafayette Country Training School One of the best basketball players at Fisk sank his first ball sound here at Lafayette Country Training School. (Angelou 179) The fact that Mr. Donleavy collide withs that students from this school are only good for sports, simply because of their race, shows how he speaks based on prejudice beliefs.Prejudice in the novel is seen from both sides in white people and black people. Since most white folks in Stamps mistreat blacks, black people assume all whites are the same, which means they are also prejudice against white people. For example, in chapter 2, Marguerite mentions her heating plant for literature, especially for Shakespeare, a white writer. She says how Bailey and she cant mention Shakespeare to mum shed question us about the author and wed have to tell her that Shakespeare was white, and it wouldnt matter to her whether he was dead or not. (Angel ou 14).Shakespeare is a great writer, but Momma doesnt know this since she is prejudice against white writers and doesnt give herself the chance to find out about this writers greatness. The third theme presented in the novel is black womens roll. Angelou presents womens condition during this period and describes their lives in a male-dominated society. She also shows how its even harder being a black woman, having to overcome this storm of sexism and racism. Some women are able to do so and become great.For example, Momma is a successful black woman, who owns a store and is considered to be wealthy. She is able to overcome the condition she is submitted to by society and become the most successful black woman in Stamps. Marguerite also serves as an example for black womens roll during 1969. She lives in a hostile world defined by beauty in terms of whiteness Wouldnt they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair, which was long and blond, would t ake the place of this kinky mass that Momma wouldnt let me straighten?My light-blue eyes were going to hypnotize them (Angelou 2) Marguerite believes the only way to be a beautiful and successful woman is by being white. With the help of strong pistillate role models in her family and community Momma, Vivian, Grandmother Baxter, and Bertha Flowers, she is able to overcome her racist and sexist beliefs, succeed in her life and become the great woman she is known to be today.Maya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a true story about the authors hard life during the 1960s, a time in which black people are seen as inferior in many varied aspects by society. The novel shows how they fight against racism, sexism and prejudice, and how white people also experience prejudice from black people. These themes are presented in the most realistic and crude way possible. In the end, Maya transforms from a victim of prejudice and racism with an inferiority complex to a self-confident yo ung woman who is able to react to racism with dignity and pride.

Ideas for Young Activists

Transparency International, 2014 Philippines A Million brand-new Inspectors About 1 one million million million boy and girl scouts in Philippines have counted textbooks and conducted quality revues throughout the country. operative hand-in-hand with government and non-government agencies, the software engineer discourages theft of textbooks and helps promote long-term transparency in the country schools.The Department of study provided an open door to programmer organizers, including access to budget information, contracts, and delivery points, as well as providing inspection sites. Local organizations and volunteers that include schoolchildren also carry out the monitoring including surprise inspections during the textbook production process. The programmer has proved successful at reducing subversion In the textbook distribution process. India I pay a Bribe On www. Liberated. Com. Citizens can report their experiences of corruption.The site stock almost 22,500 reports be tween 2010 and 2012, some of which were kicked up by the media and resulted in arrests and convictions. On the flipped, citizens can also report positive experiences theyve had with honest officers. Solomon Islands Comics against putrescence The Solomon Islands government, in partnership with Transparency Solomon Islands, ran a programmer that used comic-style visiting cards and comic strips in newspapers to increase sentiency of corruption in the country. It encouraged Solomon Islanders to say Nap Ana To corruption by reporting anyone they believe to be problematic In corrupt practices. The comic was timed to coincide with International Ann-corruption Day on 9 December. Each comic told the story of average Solomon Islanders In everyday situations, and how their lives can be deeply modify by seemingly simple acts of corruption. The campaign covered the topics of bribery, favoritism, misuse of funds and what you can do to disclose corruption. The series of anti-corruption comi cs ran in all three of Solomon Islands major newspapers and was even available as a pull-out poster insert in the Solomon Star.Afghanistan Kabukis Corruption Marathon Afghan youth Atari Equatorial uses marathons to fight corruption. He sees sportsman as the best elan to spread awareness among Afghan youth, so he organized his low big marathon against corruption. The team was able to gather roughly 500 young Afghan boys and girls In one of Kabukis many dusty streets. Their message was loud and clear Dont pay or accept bribes. The participants did not run a long distance, but a large crowd noticed the group. Strider also involved local radio stations in his outreach helped them convey their message to an even larger audience.India The Zero rupee Movement The zero rupee honour was created by an Indian physics professor who was harassed by endless extortion demands. He handed out the zero rupee notes as a polite way of saying no to officials who held out their hands. Printed on th e note was Eliminate Corruption at all levels and l betoken to neither accept nor give a bribe. When a corrupt official suggests to a citizen that they should pay a bribe to get something done, the citizen can hand over the zero rupee note and its effects have taken hold.The Indian MONGO 5th Pillar has now distributed more than 1 million bills in five languages since 2007. Solomon Islands bloodless Election Pledge A group of young volunteers established the Clean Election Campaign in the Solomon Islands. Their approach was to gather voter pledges, each being a promise to not take part in corrupt activities during that years election. Their pledge states l pledge that I provide reject all bribes. I leave behind not accept any false promises. I lead not sell my vote. I will not involve myself in any corrupt activities during, earlier and after the elections.And also I pledge that I will use my full conscience to go down on my vote and ask God to help me to decide my vote. And I pledge that I will only vote for an honest leader. Kenya Mapping the Election Jacuzzi is an open-source platform designed to courseware information via SMS and online put across and appears on an interactive map. Pioneered in Kenya after the fall-out of the deadly 2008 elections, the website had 45,000 users in Kenya reporting on both instances of electoral fraud and acts of integrity during the following presidential elections.Activists launched the platform to courseware data via peep, SMS, Android, e-mail and the web. More than 4,500 reports were cast and a staggering 58 per cent of these claims have been verified. The findings were referred to by Jennys electoral commission and international media. Venezuela Tweeting the Election Twitter is a simple way to monitor elections with your friends and community. Use or create a credible cheep name so that fellow tweeters know whom to contact for details on election monitoring. Design a washrag so that voters tweeting claims of e lection fraud are streamlined (e. Pomegranate or Cafeteria). In Venezuela, polished society organizations came together to cast a watchful eye on the national elections via Twitter. They received tweets including photos from around the country to gather data on election violations at the polling stations through several hostage. They received more than 1,000 tweets claiming electoral fraud. These strategies do you think be the most effective in plentying with corruption? Choose two and explain why. 3. What other strategies do you think local people could use to deal with corruption in their government?

Principles of Auditing

A fraternity has non followed generally accepted accounting principles In the recording of its leases. 7 2. A gild has not followed generally accepted accounting principles In the recording of its leases. The amounts involved are immaterial. 1 3. A company valued its inventory at current replacement cost. While the attendant believes that the inventory costs do approximate replacement costs, these costs do not approximate any GAAP inventory paygrade method. 7 4.A client changed Its depreciation method for production equipment from the traight-line method to the units-of-production method based on hours of utilization. The tender concurs with the change. 2 5. A client changed its depreciation method for production equipment from the straight-line to a units-of-production method based on hours of utilization. The listener does not concur with the change. 7 6. A client changed the depreciable life of reliable assets from 10 historic period to 12 years.The auditor concurs with the change. 3 7. A client changed the depreciable life of certain assets from 10 years to 12 years. The auditor does not concur with the change. Confined to fixed assets and ccumulated depreciation, the misstatements involved are not considered pervasive. 3 8. A client changed from the method it uses to calculate postemployment benefits from one acceptable method to another one. The effect of the change Is apathetic this year, but is expected to be material in the future. 1 9.A client changed the salvage value of certain assets from 5 part to 10 percent of original cost. The auditor concurs with the change. 1 10, A client uses the detail identification method of accounting for valuable Items in inventory, and LIFO for less valuable items. The auditor concurs that this is a reasonable practice. 1 tOf3 has substantial doubt about an entitys ability to continue as a vent concern for a reasonable period of time. The notes to the financial statements adequately disclose the situatio n. 12. Due to recurring operate losses and working capital deficiencies, an auditor reasonable period of time. The notes to the financial statements do not adequately disclose the substantial doubt situation, and the auditor believes the omission fundamentally affects the users understanding of the financial statements. 4 13. An auditor reporting on group financial statements decides to take responsibility for the work of a component auditor who audited a 70 percent owned subsidiary and issued an unmodified opinion.The total assets and revenues of the subsidiary are 5 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of the total assets and revenues of the entity creation audited. 1 14. An auditor reporting on group financial statements decides not to take responsibility for the work of a component auditor who audited a 70 percent owned subsidiary and issued an unqualified opinion. The total assets and revenues of the ubsidiary are 5 percent and 8 percent, respectively, of the total assets and revenues of the entity being audited. 10 15.An auditor was hired after year-end and was unable(p) to observe the counting of the year-end inventory. She is unable to contribute other procedures to determine whether ending inventory and related information are properly stated. 8 16. An auditor was hired after year-end and was unable to observe the counting of the year-end inventory. However, she was able to apply other procedures and determined that ending inventory and related information are properly stated. 1 17. An auditor discovered that a client made unlawful political payoffs toa candidate for president of the United States.The auditor was unable to determine that amounts associated with the payoffs because of the clients inadequate record- retention policies. The client has added a note to the financial statements to describe the mislabeled payments and has stated that the amounts of the payments are not determinable. 1 18. An auditor discovered that a client made illega l political payoffs toa candidate retention policies, although there is no likelihood that the financial statements are ervasively misstated, they may be materially misstated.The client refuses to disclose the payoffs in a note to the financial statements. 3 19. In auditing the semipermanent investments account of a new client, an auditor finds that a large contingent liability exists that is material to the consolidated company. It is probable that this contingent liability will be resolved with a material loss in the future, but the amount is not estimable. Although no adjusting entry has been made, the client has provided a note to the financial statements that describes the bet in etail. 1 20.In auditing the long-term investments account ofa new client, an auditor finds future, and this amount is reasonably estimable as $2,000,000. Although no adjusting entry has been made, the client has provided a note to the financial statements that describes the matter in detail and includ es the $2,000,000 gauge in that note. 7 21. A client is issuing two years of comparative financial statements. The start year was audited by another auditor who is not being asked to reissue her audit report. (Reply as to the renewal auditors report.

Building Engineering services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

social system Engineering run - Essay ExampleWith technologies like telecommunication, internet & video conferencing etc gaining presence the people crosswise the world have become closer and interaction among them has increased. This has given companies from different countries access to a banging talent pool, newer avenues and increased business opportunities. With business expansion also comes increased manpower and equipment and by nature the conduct for more creates to house them. The last couple of decades has seen an unprecedented growth in the construction of residential and non-residential buildings across the world particularly in developing countries. The bigger the size of the building, more the number of building services and more the complexity of these services. With bigger the buildings the cost of deployment and maintenance increases and leads to high energy bills. So the emphasis naturally turns towards energy savings. Energy savings not only results in mone tary savings to the company precisely also gives focussing the satisfaction of doing their bit towards environmental protection.Typically, when a new building project is planned, the management may commit one or many firms or individuals having specific skill sets. These include an Architect, cadence Surveyor, Project Management Company (PMC), Service Consultants, Technology Consultants, Third Party Testing & Commissioning self-assurance etc. These can directly appointed by the management or the management can appoint an architect or PMC and they in turn appoint the rest. Either ways, Architect usually reigns supreme and is the fulcrum of the structure around which others work around. Generally, the plans and layouts are designed by the architect upon which the various service consultants design their several(prenominal) systems. For example, the air conditioning consultant follows the interior designer in terms of deciding the duct sizing, jam of the air handling unit etc. A lot of importance is given to the aesthetics of the building and

St. Vincent's Concept Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

St. Vincents Concept Statement - Essay ExampleWith this basic knowledge in mind it should be understood that there are various humans or writings that may be used to illustrate and demonstrate the concepts and principles that will be applied in the development of a proposed piece of construction. In this respect the remembering of the term design. In this look the term is used to mean as well the visual impact which the particular project will have on its surrounding. In this case it is important to recognize the fact that there are a lot of issues that come into play when tone at the whole aspect of architecture. In this case it is important to examine every detail that is of essence. In this particular case it should be in relation to the area of St. Vincents. Development of The Plan of Action forwards embarking on this particular project it will be of great importance to develop a scheme of action. It is this figure of action that will govern all the undertakings hencefor th and may play a square role in determining whether the entire project will actually be a succeeder or a failure in the longrun. Before embarking on the plan of action it will be important to first get a brief understanding of the region in question. (Robert & Greed, 2001) St. Vincents in this case is one of the quarters of Sheffield. The region has a superb landscape and topography. Most of the developments that are recognize in the town in relation to the buildings among others are greatly influenced by the Irish and Catholic communities which to be dominant in the region. Importance of the Plan of Action in St. Vincent The first major importance of the plan of action is that it will lead to the securing of business sites which will go a long way in ensuring the scotch sustainability of this particular region. At the alike time the Plan of Action will provide a clear guideline that will be used to the benefit of the region and this will be in line with the present demands wh en it come to restructuring for the purpose of development. The plan will also aid in the giving medication of environmental projects and space for the reality which will eventually lead to the regeneration of the area hence turn up to be a driving force for change. The plan is also aimed at designing a peachy strategy that will be implemented with the mark of curbing certain phenomena such as insecurity, public safety, parking space among various others. On the other hand the action plan will set to create a balanced mix of residents occupying the area. Again the plan will also serve to cherish the areas heritage and historic culture. This will especially be achieved through the use of conservation areas. The above stated points are used to bring to light some of the importance that is attached with the plan of action in relation to the St. Vincents area. It should be noted that the plan of action is not scantily a document that will serve the role of promotion but will at t he same time will be used as an instrument that will serve to bring economic development of the stated region. The investment in the area is also something that will be focused on. With this intention the council of St. Vincents seeks to pool together resources that will bring about local community building and modify on private investment in the area. These will constitute the following proposed developments in the area 1. Improvements on the entry points and routes in and out of the area 2. The inception and support of forums and debates where representatives of the local groups and in this case the businessmen, the farmers, the landlords and also the various citizens of the region can be represented. The purpose of these forums is to act as the channels through which the